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Data Declaration

This database currently covers the use of food additives in 18 regions, based on relevant regulations, standards, and official announcements issued by local authorities, as well as data from the CODEX standards. To date, it includes over 270,000 items. A detailed breakdown of the data coverage for each region is provided below.

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ChemLinked makes utmost effort to keep the data accurate and up to date, but they should be used for reference only. If there is any question, you may consult us at [email protected] for more comprehensive research. In no event shall ChemLinked assume any responsibility for any claims, damages or losses resulting from using the information.

Data Coverage

Chinese Mainland
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including flavoring agents
  3. Including processing aids
  4. Including enzyme preparations

Taiwan, China
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering 18 categories: preservatives, sanitizing agents, antioxidants, bleaching agents, color fasting agents, leavening agents, food quality improvement, fermentation and food processing agents, nutritional additives, colors, flavoring agents, seasoning agents, sweeteners, pasting agents, coagulating agents, chemicals for food industry, carriers, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Flavoring agent is classified as a type of food additive. Taiwan lists 77 specific individual flavoring substances with defined specifications, along with 19 broader categories intended to cover all permitted flavoring substances in line with standards of international authorities such as the JECFA, FEMA, the EU, Japan, etc. All permitted flavorings must be substances generally recognized as safe and should be used as practically needed to achieve their intended flavoring purpose.
  3. Including the list of prohibited flavoring agents in foods.

Hong Kong S.A.R
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives in certain milk products, the list of permitted preservatives and antioxidants, the list of permitted sweeteners, and the list of permitted colorants.
  2. Excluding food flavoring agents. There is currently no specific legislation in Hong Kong governing the use of flavoring agents. When considering whether any particular flavoring agent is allowed to be added to foods, the government refers to safety assessments conducted by international food safety authorities, such as the JECFA.

Macao S.A.R
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering colorants, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, acidity regulators, food stabilizers, anti-caking agents, flavor enhancers, leavening agents, etc.
  2. Excluding food flavoring agents and processing aids. The industry may refer to relevant recognized information from sources such as the Codex Alimentarius Commission, national standards of the Chinese mainland, or other countries/authoritative organizations.

Thailand
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering acidity regulator, antioxidant, bleaching agent, colorant, emulsifier, firming agent, flavor enhancer, foaming agent, gelling agent, glazing agent, humectant, preservative, stabilizer, sweetener, thickener, etc.
  2. Including enzymes used in food production.
  3. Excluding flavoring agents as they are not categorized as food additives in Thailand. In addition, there is not a comprehensive and public list for permitted food flavoring in Thailand. Enterprises may refer to the CODEX standards for the principles of use, which are accepted by the Thai FDA.

Singapore
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives
  2. Including coloring
  3. Including emulsifier and stabilizer
  4. Including enzymes
  5. Including gaseous packaging agents
  6. Including nutrient supplement

India
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Excluding flavoring agents, the list of prohibited flavoring agents can be found in the Food Safety and Standards (Food Products Standards and Food Additives) Regulations
  3. Including permitted enzymes derived from Genetically Modified Microorganisms
  4. Including permitted enzymes for treatment or processing of raw materials, foods, or ingredients
  5. Including permitted food processing aids in India

Indonesia
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including the list of permitted flavoring substances, covering categories such as flavoring compounds, flavoring adjuncts, natural aromatic raw materials and flavoring preparations, as well as flavorings for infant foods.
  3. Including the list of permitted processing aids, covering categories such as enzymes, flocculating agents, nutrients for microbes, extraction solvents, and others.
  4. Including the list of prohibited substances as food additives.

Malaysia
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives listed in Food Regulations 1985, covering preservative, coloring substance, antioxidant, food conditioner and others.
  2. Including the list of permitted processing aids provided in an official guide, Guidelines On the Safe Use of Processing Aids. Notably, as per this guideline, this is are not an exhaustive list and does not serve as a positive list for regulatory purposes. It is intended to be a source of information on substances used as processing aids and supporting safety information on unavoidable presence of residues in the final food product.
  3. Excluding flavoring substances. Flavouring substance is classified as a type of food additive in Malaysia; however, Malaysia does not have a comprehensive list for permitted flavoring substance. The Food Regulations 1985 primarily reference internationally recognized lists:
    • Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) Flavoring Substances published by the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers' Association of the United States (FEMA), as listed in Food Technology, a publication of the Institute of Food Technologists.
    • Flavorings listed in the Codex Specifications for Food Additives (CAC/MISC 6).

Vietnam
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives specified in "Consolidated Document 09/VBHN-BYT in 2024 Consolidating Circular No. 24/2019/TT-BYT Regulations on Management and Use of Food Additives", covering antioxidant agents, colorants, preservatives, stablizers, enzymes (used as food additives), emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including the list of permitted processing aids specified in Consolidated Document 09/VBHN-BYT Consolidating Decision 46/2007/QD-BYT Regulation on Maximum Limit of Biological and Chemical Pollution in Food.
  3. Excluding flavourings, as Vietnam has not provided a separate regulatory list for them. According to the food additive management regulation, enterprises can use the Flavorings assessed by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and deemed safe at expected intake levels or within the acceptable daily intake (ADI).

Philippines
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, processing aids, enzymes and others.
  2. Excluding flavoring agents, as the Philippines has not published a separate regulatory list for them. According to regulations, companies can refer to the standards set by the United States Flavors Extracts Manufacturers Association (US FEMA) and the International Organization of the Flavor Industry (IOFI) for their use.

South Korea
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives in foods, covering 32 categories including colors, sweeteners, preservatives, antioxidants, nutrient fortifiers, flavoring agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, thickeners, acidity regulators, anti-caking agents, flavor enhancers, leavening agents, etc.
  2. Including the list of permitted food additives in infant formulas.
  3. Including the list of permitted natural flavoring substances and the list of synthetic flavoring substances. The MFDS has established a list of 271 approved natural flavoring substances, each with specified source materials. Additionally, food ingredients that meet the standards outlined in the Food Code may also be classified as natural flavoring substances. In addition, the MFDS has listed 2,601 synthetic flavoring substances, of which 77 have detailed specifications in the Food Additive Code.
  4. Including the list of permitted food additive mixed preparations

Japan
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including flavoring agents
  3. Including general food as additives

EU
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, colorants, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including flavorings
  3. Excluding processing aids and authorized food enzymes, as there's no harmonized Union Lists in the EU.

US
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, covering categories such as preservatives, sweeteners, antioxidants, thickeners, emulsifiers, and others.
  2. Including colorant additives
  3. Including flavoring substances
  4. Including GRAS substances notified to FDA

Australia
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, mainly as per Schedule 15 and Schedule 16 of the Food Standards Code.
  2. Including permitted flavoring substances, with the definitions and relevant food categories specified in the note part.
  3. Including processing aids.
  4. Including enzymes.

New Zealand
  1. Including the list of permitted food additives, mainly as per Schedule 15 and Schedule 16 of the Food Standards Code.
  2. Including permitted flavoring substances, with the definitions and relevant food categories specified in the note part.
  3. Including processing aids.
  4. Including enzymes.

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